Psy101 reading

Use Methods alongside Psychology 2e. The textbook supplies an introductory route; each specialist profile adds its own sources and limitations.

Research chapter

2.1 Why Is Research Important?
Scientific questions, hypotheses and evidence.
2.2 Approaches to Research
Observation, case studies, surveys, archival and developmental designs.
2.3 Analyzing Findings
Correlations, experimental comparisons and interpreting findings.
2.4 Ethics
Research with human participants and animals, review, consent and deception.

Case study
What can detailed evidence from one person with an unusual memory impairment reveal about memory?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Correlational study
Do students who report more regular sleep also report better concentration?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Cross-sectional study
Do adults in different age groups report different preferences for learning resources?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Longitudinal study
How does an individual’s sense of belonging change during the first year of university?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Naturalistic observation
How do students share speaking time in an ordinary study group?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Qualitative interview
How do first-generation students describe their experience of asking for academic help?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Quasi-experiment
Did introducing a new tutoring program improve performance beyond changes that would otherwise have occurred?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Randomized experiment
Does a brief retrieval exercise improve later recall compared with rereading the same material?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Survey research
How common is a particular study habit among students at a specified university?
Psychology 2e: 2.2 Approaches to Research
Within-subjects design
Does the same participant perform differently with two versions of a task?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings

Construct validity
Do observations support the interpretation we want to make from this score?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Operationalization
What exactly will count as evidence of the construct in this study?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Reliability
How much would scores vary because of the measurement process rather than the differences of interest?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Sampling
Who can enter the study, who actually enters, and to whom can its findings reasonably apply?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings

Confidence interval
What does the interval show about estimation precision under the chosen procedure and model?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Effect size
How large is the estimated difference or relationship on a scale that answers the research question?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Hypothesis testing
How incompatible are these data with the specified null model, given the assumptions and analysis plan?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Meta-analysis
Can compatible study estimates be combined, and what does the combined estimate mean given their differences?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Statistical power
How often would this design detect an effect of the size we have a reason to care about?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings
Systematic review
What does the relevant body of evidence show when studies are sought and assessed using explicit methods?
Psychology 2e: 2.3 Analyzing Findings

Deception and debriefing
Is withholding or misrepresenting information necessary and defensible, and how will participants’ understanding and welfare be restored?
Psychology 2e: 2.4 Ethics
Informed consent
What would a prospective participant need to understand to make a meaningful choice about this particular study?
Psychology 2e: 2.4 Ethics
Research data privacy
What could reveal a participant’s identity or sensitive circumstances, and which protections match the study’s actual risks?
Psychology 2e: 2.4 Ethics
Research ethics review
Are the proposed risks, recruitment practices, consent arrangements, and protections acceptable for this study and participant population?
Psychology 2e: 2.4 Ethics

Open data and materials
Could another researcher understand what was done, rerun the analysis, or plan a new test from the resources provided?
Psychology 2e: 2.1 Why Is Research Important?
Preregistration
Which hypotheses, measurements, exclusions, and analysis decisions can be specified before learning the outcomes that will test them?
Psychology 2e: 2.1 Why Is Research Important?
Registered Reports
Would the planned study produce informative evidence regardless of whether its results support the researchers’ preferred hypothesis?
Psychology 2e: 2.1 Why Is Research Important?
Replication
What new evidence would increase or decrease confidence in the prior claim, and which study conditions matter to that interpretation?
Psychology 2e: 2.1 Why Is Research Important?

These links are browsing connections to the companion sites, not citations supporting a particular research claim.